1. Theoretical Evolution and Policy Logic: From Market Segmentation to System Integration

1. Historical context

The foundation of classical economics : Adam Smith ‘s theory of division of labor and the ” invisible hand ” provided the theoretical prototype for a unified market, emphasizing the efficiency of market self-regulation.

Breakthrough in the neoclassical paradigm : Marginal utility theory reveals that optimal resource allocation requires breaking down regional barriers, providing a micro-foundation for the construction of a modern unified market.

China’s practical innovation : from ” the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation ” to ” a decisive role ” , and the policy goal has shifted from scale expansion to institutional opening.

Theoretical Evolution : From the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which called for ” building a unified, open, and orderly market system , ” to the 20th National Congress, which explicitly mandated ” building a unified national market , ” the policy framework has remained consistent . The Sixth Meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Commission in 2025 further proposed the ” Five Unifications and One Opening ” requirement, marking the beginning of a phase of in-depth policy advancement.

2. Real needs

Resolve the triple contradictions : ” factor mismatch ” caused by local protectionism , ” efficiency loss ” caused by the regionalization of the industrial chain , and ” transaction costs ” caused by inconsistent standards .

Responding to International Changes : Against the backdrop of global industrial chain restructuring, the ultra-large-scale market has become a strategic fulcrum for resisting external risks. Faced with increasing uncertainty in the international economic and trade environment, the ultra-large-scale market has become China’s core advantage in responding to risks. A unified large market can effectively smooth domestic circulation and reduce resource mismatches caused by local protectionism .

II. Core Policy Framework: A Three-Dimensional Breakthrough in Institutions , Facilities , and Supervision

1. System Unification Layer

Property rights protection : Establish a cross-regional intellectual property rights rapid protection mechanism to reduce corporate rights protection costs.

Fair competition : Clean up discriminatory subsidy policies, such as the case of local subsidies for new energy vehicles in a certain province being stopped.

Facility connectivity: an important prerequisite for breaking geographical barriers and promoting the flow of commodity factors

Digital infrastructure : The national ” one-stop ” government affairs platform enables cross-provincial business registration, reducing the time by 70% .

Logistics network : The layout of national logistics hub cities has been optimized. For example, the Wuhan – Zhengzhou ” dual-core linkage ” has reduced logistics costs in the central region by 15% .

Regulatory coordination layer: Innovate regulatory methods and promote cross-departmental and cross-regional coordinated law enforcement.

Law enforcement standards : Form a unified regulatory framework and enhance the consistency, stability and predictability of market supervision.

3. Enterprise Response Strategies: From Compliance to Value Reconstruction

1. Short-term action ( within 1 year)

Compliance audit : Sort out local protection clauses in existing businesses (such as procurement priority policies in a certain place) and adjust the supply chain layout in advance.

Data migration : Connect to the national electronic invoice platform to achieve cross-provincial interoperability of purchase and sales data.

2. Mid-term layout ( 1-3 years)

Standard seizure : Participate in the formulation of national industry standards (such as green building materials certification) and elevate corporate standards to industry benchmarks.

Regional collaboration : Establish joint R&D centers in cross-provincial demonstration zones such as Chengdu-Chongqing, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and share the benefits of talent policies.

3. Long-term strategy ( 3-5 years)

Ecosystem construction : Develop innovative supply chain finance products based on unified big market data (such as the national credit information sharing platform).

Global benchmarking : Convert domestic compliance experience into market expansion advantages for the Belt and Road Initiative , such as exporting a unified certification system.

IV. Risk Early Warning and Opportunity Capture

1. Risk prevention

Policy fluctuations : Pay attention to the revision of the Anti-Monopoly Law to avoid cross-regional mergers and acquisitions that trigger reviews.

Technical barriers : Incompatible data interfaces between regions may lead to a surge in system transformation costs.

2. Window of Opportunity

Sub-segment : Third-party inspection and testing agencies can undertake cross-regional quality certification business, and the market size is expected to exceed 500 billion yuan.

Service innovation : Provide small and medium-sized enterprises with a ” cross-provincial business compliance package ” , including value-added services such as legal consulting and financial and tax planning.

5. Implementation Toolkit

1. Self-checklist

Does the company have branches in more than three provinces?

Is the proportion of cross-provincial cooperation among existing suppliers less than 30% ?

2. Resource Links

State Administration for Market Regulation ” Unified Market Service Zone ” (official website entrance)

Local policy query tool: WeChat mini-program ” Business Pass “

3. Case reference

A home appliance company shortened cross-provincial service response time from 48 hours to 12 hours by unifying after-sales standards, and customer satisfaction increased by 22% .